Visual Acuity Viewing Distance: Test It for Yourself
Posted by Carlton Bale on December 19th, 2006
This is a follow-up to my article on HDTV screen resolution vs a persons ability to perceive any advantage. Before the link to the test pattern, I want to make it clear that the results vary greatly with the content. With an anti-aliased image (i.e. a photograph of a person with many color gradients), it would be much more difficult to detect a single pixel. With a non-anti-aliased image (solid single-color lines), pixels become much more apparent.
To allow everyone to conduct a simple test for themselves, I created a sample a page that is half-way in between the scenarios described above. It is a pixel-by-pixel black and white checkerboard background covering the entire page. When you are very close to the screen, you can tell it is 1-pixel by 1-pixel black & white checkerboard. Farther away, it looks like a gray box. The idea is that you find the distance at which it looks like a gray box, and that is the visual acuity viewing distance for your display.
Disclaimer: this test page is designed to work only on an LCD monitor with pixel-perfect rendering. In other words, the LCD monitor must be running at its native resolution. If you have an analog LCD or a CRT monitor, this test will not work. If it works, you'll see a page entirely covered with an extremely tiny pixel-by-pixel checkerboard. If it doesn't work on your monitor, you'll see a wavy red-green-blue shifting pattern that it totally useless.
Here is the link to the pixel-by-pixel test pattern for LCD monitors:
http://www.carltonbale.com/pixel_by_pixel_checkerboard/
Determining your Visual Acuity Viewing Distance: The point at which you stop seeing a black and white checkerboard and see instead a gray box is the visual acuity viewing distance for your LCD monitor and your eyeball.
So, what is your visual acuity viewing distance? I'm interested to see the results others get. Please include the following in your comment:
- Your LCD monitor native resolution
- Your screen size (diagonal)
- Your Visual Acuity Viewing Distance
Here is some high-magnification photographic proof that this is a perfect pixel-by-pixel checkerboard (at least on my monitor).
December 31st, 2006 at 3:06 am
Sadly, with my less than perfect vision, the checkers go solid gray at about 3 feet. With glasses, maybe 5 feet. 24" 1920×1200 LCD. There's clearly some interestinng processing happening in my brain, however, as when I'm staring at the center of the image it goes gray at very short distances. If I stare at the bottom corner of the screen I can detech the checkers at much greater distances.
December 31st, 2006 at 11:13 am
Mark, thanks for the feedback. The calculation I used predicts a visual acuity distance of 36.4 inches for your display, so your results roughly correspond to the generalized rule. It is interesting how the pattern can start to play tricks on your eyes and it start to look like one of those 3-D Magic Eye pictures.
January 2nd, 2007 at 8:16 am
Without glasses, 6' but corrected to 20/10 (I just had an eye test and got glasses), nearly 9'to 10' before the pattern was not clear. 19" LCD monitor at 1024×768.
January 10th, 2007 at 1:14 am
20"-25" on a 17" Flatron 1720 screen.
native resolution: 1280×1024 (sxga)
January 11th, 2007 at 5:29 pm
17" HP vs17 at 1280×1024
Turns gray at about 2.5-3 feet. A little farther away than I normally sit. I think I may move the monitor back to the back of my desk.
January 18th, 2007 at 9:47 am
Carlton, I found your site by mitake, and it is fantastic. How in the world do you have time to do all of this with your work and life? No kids I assume? Thanks for the great work.
January 26th, 2007 at 6:23 am
John: Thanks for the kind comment. Basically, once I figure out something, I put it on my website so I don't forget it!
April 29th, 2007 at 6:36 pm
I have found many different 'LCD tests', most include this same type of test.
Yet yours gives an excellent explanation of how/why the visual acuity works. (For the record, I'm using an old Apple Studio Display, 15" 1024×768, and the distance is just about two feet for me.)
But, I do want to say that your disclaimer that it doesn't work on analog LCDs is incorrect. It doesn't work on UNTUNED analog LCDs. But, if you're an insane stickler for perfection like myself, and spent half an hour manually calibrating the display, it works fine.
May 18th, 2007 at 6:14 pm
Here's more data for your validation
Screen Resolution: 1440×900 pxls
Screen Size (Diagonal): 15-3/8 (39.05 cm.)
Viewing distance: 32-5/8" (82.85 cm.)
May 18th, 2007 at 6:16 pm
Interesting application of the Modulation Transfer Function. Thanx,
May 21st, 2007 at 10:35 pm
Carlton,
First of all, love your blog! I just found it while researching all this HD stuff for a client.
He wants a 46" Flat Panel HDTV to double as a display for his laptop to show PP shows, charts and graphs etc. in his conference room. I am trying to find out exactly what to recommend to him and have not found anything on this subject that seems to answer my questions. Can you point me in the right direction?
May 21st, 2007 at 10:37 pm
Also, my 14.1" LCD with "Truebright" has a viewing distance the length of my arms! But it could be that since my uncorrected vision is 20/400 that my glasses impact this. I have extreme astigmatism and even have custom ground lenses to help, but alas…now I know I cannot see very well!
May 31st, 2007 at 11:02 am
IIyama ProLite E481S 19" @ 1280×1024 native resolution.
Using the checkboard, the visual acuity checkboard should be around 75 cm, wich is about 2,5 feet.
June 2nd, 2007 at 12:27 am
The comment about the center of the eye going gray at a short distance and peripheral vision going gray much farther out is due to the structure of the human eye. The center is composed of more cones/color receptors while the periphery is composed of more rods/dark and light receptors. The rods are faster and more sensitive. This adaptation is what makes movement in the corner of your eye so noticeable so as to warn you of potential predators/prey.
On another note, although this test is useless as a visual acuity test for my analog CRT, it was very useful for calibrating the moire setting, moire of course being the red-green-blue stripey pattern. I now have have a pretty darn homogenous gray, but that still doesn't help me with the acuity test.
July 2nd, 2007 at 1:43 pm
17" monitor, 1280×1024 - 35"
When I changed to 1024×768, the pixels looked HUGE…. 80" on that resolution. So with only 1.7x the pixels, the view distance increased by over 2.25x. I have no idea what that means from a technical standpoint, but I find it interesting anyway.
July 6th, 2007 at 7:43 am
Why do you persist in perpetuating this misconception?
You don't 'see' with your eyes, you 'see' with your brain. The eye is simply an optical interface. The only time the eye's resolution would limit the amount of detail you percieve (or 'see') would be if you kept your eyes fixed on one point of the screen - a highly unlikely scenario with actual pictures.
Have you noticed that although the main area of this pattern blurs and goes grey as you increase your distance you can still perceive the edge as jaggy?
August 28th, 2007 at 12:29 am
24" at 1920×1200, about 5' = 60" before I start seeing more uniform gray.
October 24th, 2007 at 8:50 am
I've been reading your info on viewing distances and resolution as i'm planning on buying a 40" 1080p TV soon, and based on your graphs etc i think i made the right decision as i'll be viewing at a max distance of 8 feet.
As to this test, i'm using a 17" display at 1280×1024. At upto 3 feet, i can see that the image is not a flat colour, though i wouldn't go as far as to say that at 3 feet i can see the individual pixels! If the image was moving, then i doubt it would be noticable, but may look poorer than a flat colour moving image in an "undecernable" way. At 3 feet i can still see jagged edges around the edge of the image, and interestingly, where there are small portions of the image visible (i have a dock at the bottom of my screen with icons that overlay my browser) between other images, the fact it is a checkerboard is more noticable than in the centre of the screen where there is no other reference for my eyes.
Once i move back to a 4 foot viewing distance, the image does look totally flat, with no apparent checkerboard at all.
One person on your previous page noted that the viewing distances in your graphs were the point, not at which a single pixel was visible, but as which you could discern the difference between 1 pixel and 2 pixels. This would make for another potential test. For example, the guy who found that single white pixels on a black background were visible from further away than single black pixels on a white background would have been better off having an image with a few spots on a contrasting background, some spots of 1 pixel, some spots of 2 pixels (both horizontal and vertical groups for completeness) and testing at which point he could no longer differentiate between the two.
Anyway, thanks for your work and information, i'm feeling much more confident about my choice of HDTV now!
November 15th, 2007 at 11:19 am
Simon Says, above, alludes to a secondary test with single and double pixels against a contrasting background. This would be the "Rayleigh Limit" of the optical system. The Rayleigh Limit is the point where two points of light cannot be differentiated. It is used in the fields of astronomy and photonics, among others, FWIW.
January 23rd, 2008 at 5:33 pm
I have a viewsonic VK2035WM ( 20')LCD
1680 X 1050
With my glasses on 3 foot
April 9th, 2008 at 5:22 pm
19"
1280×960
I got as far away as I could in my office, about 20 feet and it was still a checkerboard.
August 14th, 2008 at 11:11 am
What does Visual Acuity Viewing Distance of a monitor mean exactly? I'd be interested to find out.